Biochemistry lehninger 5th edition test bank




















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I would really appreciate it as well! Home; shop. Humanities and Social Sciences. Lehninger Principles Of Biochemistry 5th Chegg. Add to cart. Quick View. EMBED for wordpress. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! Ans: Biomolecules such as receptors for drugs are stereospecific, so each of the two enantiomers of the drug may have very different effects on an organism.

One may be beneficial, the other toxic; or one enantiomer may be ineffective and its presence could reduce the efficacy of the other enantiomer. Chemical foundations Page: 18 Difficulty: 3 Explain why living organisms are able to produce particular chiral forms of different biomolceules while laboratory chemical synthesis usually produces a racemic mixture. Ans: Laboratory syntheses usually use achiral reagents and thus produce racemic mixtures of products.

In contrast, because all enzymes are made of chiral precursors, all enzymes are inherently chiral catalysts. Thus, they will show strong stereoselectivity in reactants and mechanisms, leading to the production of chiral products. Physical foundations Page: 20 Difficulty: 2 Proteins are constantly being synthesized in a living cell. Ans: The proteins in a cell are continuously being synthesized and degraded. The cell maintains a dynamic steady state in which the amount of each protein remains fairly constant at the level required under given conditions.

Physical foundations Page: 20 Difficulty: 2 Describe the relationship between a living organism and its surroundings in terms of both matter and energy. Ans: Living organisms are open systems and exchange both matter and energy with their surroundings. They are not at equilibrium with their surroundings; that is, the concentrations of molecules inside the cells of the organism are not the same as their concentrations in the surroundings.

To maintain this situation, the organism must acquire energy from its surroundings, either in the form of chemical energy or directly from sunlight. Physical foundations Page: Difficulty: 2 The free-energy change for the formation of a protein from the individual amino acids is positive and is thus an endergonic reaction. How, then, do cells accomplish this process? Ans: The endergonic thermodynamically unfavorable reaction is coupled to an exergonic thermodynamically favorable reaction through a shared intermediate, so that the overall free-energy change of the coupled reactions is negative the overall reaction is exergonic.

Physical foundations Pages: Difficulty: 3 Instant cold packs get cold when the contents, usually solid urea and liquid water, are mixed, producing an aqueous solution of urea. Although this process is clearly spontaneous, the products are colder than the reactants.

Ans: a and c See Fig. Physical foundations Page: 26 Difficulty: 2 What is meant by feedback inhibition and why is it important in a living organism? Ans: Feedback inhibition is the regulation of a biochemical pathway in which a reaction product inhibits an earlier usually the first step in the pathway. It is an important type of regulation because it ensures that energy is not wasted by an organism producing molecules it does not need. Ans: The genetic information is encoded in the linear sequence order of the four different deoxyribonucleotides in the DNA.

When a new copy of DNA is needed, the two strands of the DNA unwind and each strand serves as a template on which a new strand is synthesized.

Genetic foundations Pages: Difficulty: 3 Hereditary transmission of genetic information can be viewed as a balance between stability and change. Ans: Hereditary transmission of genetic information occurs via replication of DNA, the informationcontaining molecule. This process is very accurate and thus results in relatively few changes in genetic information. This stability is important to maintain individual and species characteristics over long periods of time.

On the other hand, regular changes in genetic information mutations do occur, primarily as a result of infrequent errors in replication. These mutations are essential for generating genetic diversity, which allows for adaptation of species. Genetic foundations Pages: Difficulty: 3 Discuss how a mutation in DNA could be harmful or beneficial to an organism. Ans: Some mutations lead to the synthesis of an inactive or defective enzyme or other protein that can no longer carry out its proper function, which is thus harmful to the organism.

However, other mutations may lead to a more stable enzyme or to a protein that is better able to carry out its function in a particular environment, making it beneficial to the organism. Ans: Miller subjected a gaseous mixture of ammonia, methane, water vapor, and hydrogen to electrical sparks for periods of a week or more.

When he analyzed the contents of the closed reaction vessel, the gas phase contained CO and CO2, as well as unreacted starting materials.



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