Datura innoxia pdf

The alkaloids of these plants are very similar to those of mandrakedeadly nightshadeand henbanewhich are also highly poisonous plants used cautiously for effective pain relief in antiquity.

Plants can be grown outdoors as half-hardy annuals, starting the seed off in a greenhouse. It is a shrubby, sprawling, short-lived, tender perennial that is grown in St. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Persistent base of calyx to 20 mm long, very prominent. Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants.

Central America, Texas, Colombia. In some countries of the world, it is also prohibited to buy, sell or cultivate Datura plants. Datura innoxia Scientific classification Kingdom: However, the plant is now considered an invasive species in several locations. Native to Mexico, South America and the West Indies, but now widely distributed in warmer regions of the world.

Click on images to enlarge Datura inoxia plant in flower Photo: It is more rarely called sacred daturabut this name in fact refers to the related Datura wrightii. Datura inoxia Plant List: The best form of invasive species management is prevention. When cultivatedthe plant is usually grown from seed, but its perennial rhizomes can be kept from freezing and planted in the spring of the following year.

This page was last edited on 19 Octoberat In traditional cultures, users needed to have a great deal of experience and detailed plant knowledge so that no harm resulted from using it. Downy thorn-apple is introduced in North America. It is known by its allucinogenic poison and the fact that it can be passed on to the honey and comb of local wasps.

It has also been planted throughout the world as an ornamental plant for its attractive large leaves, large white flowers, and distinctive thorny fruit. The combination of genetic and cladistic data indicates that D. These are all long-lived, tuberous rooted perennials, in contrast to other species that are tap-rooted annuals. Phylogenetic analyses by Bye and Sosa divided species of Datura into three sections, Ceratocaulis , Datura , and Dutra , based upon the position and type of the fruit.

The monophyly of the Datura clade was confirmed with two genera, Datura containing herbaceous species and Brugmansia with woody species. The Datura clade consists of two distinct lineages; D. Species with regularly dehiscent capsular fruits are present in both groups, whereas species with irregularly dehiscent capsules are found only in one group.

As section Dutra is polyphyletic, realignment of species within the two traditional sections is suggested: section Datura containing D. The seed margin clearly distinguishes these sections, rather than the combination of fruit position and dehiscence which has been used previously Bye and Sosa, Many common names are applied and misapplied in English.

However, different species tend to take specific epithets, such as downy thorn, moonapple and others. Roots may be tuberous. Stems and leaves tomentose, covered with short and soft greyish hairs that give the whole plant a greyish appearance. Mature leaves broadly ovate, the lamina up to 20 cm long, almost entire, slightly sinuate, or irregularly lobed towards base, with conspicuous pinnate venation alternately arranged along the stem.

Some people find the flowers fragrant at night, when the plant is blooming. Calyx cm long, lobed; lobes mm long, sometimes incompletely separated. Corolla cm long, white with green veins; limb undulate, appearing lobed, alternate lobes broadly triangular or ending in a slender point mm long. Stamens not exserted; anthers mm long. Style cm long; stigma well below anthers. The fruit is a globose or ovoid spiny capsule with numerous slender spines, about cm in diameter, deflexed, spiny; spines numerous, slender, sharp, all about equal in length, to 10 mm long; persistent base of calyx to 20 mm long, very prominent.

Capsule split when ripe, releasing brown seeds, mm long adapted from PIER, It is invasive in Namibia Boyer and Boyer, and also in temperate areas where introduced as an ornamental but has since naturalized. Vukovic et al. Two decades later the situation did not appear to have altered greatly, as Shapaka et al. See also Katjirua The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available.

When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. It is particularly difficult to separate from sorghum seed which is of a similar size Parsons and Cuthbertson, Legislation in Queensland, Australia, prohibits the sale of crop seed which is contaminated by D.

PIER gives a very high risk assessment score of 21 for this species in the Pacific region. Disturbance and reduced competition appear to be required for D. However, colchicine-induced tetraploids have been produced which exceeded the diploids in atropine and scopolamine content and showed better adaptability Dzhurmanski and Yankulov, Different levels of ploidy 2n, 4n, 6n was reported by Badea and Raicu , and haploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes by Gupta et al.

Reproductive biology of D. Datura species, including D. Hummingbirds sometimes also visit the flowers but are affected by the alkaloids in the nectar and must limit their consumption, whereas honeybees are apparently unaffected. In the tropics, D. Germination in D. It is found on a wide variety of soils but prefers well-drained soils, on both igneous and sedimentary parent materials.

In Puerto Rico, the species grows naturally in areas with mm mean annual precipitation, and from near sea level up to m altitude Stevens et al. Germination was reduced under continuous darkness Barakat et al. A number of diseases have been reported on D. Various viruses have been reported Garga, , including leaf curl disease Marwal et al. Datura species are thought to spread solely by seed which it produces in large numbers. Both seed capsules and seeds float on water, providing an effective means of dispersal.

However, spread by broken stem fragments may also be a minor means of dispersal. The spiny capsule can become attached to the fur of animals, which split open and disperse the seed.

In New Zealand, Datura seeds have been reported to be mainly spread by contamination of agricultural seeds, or by machinery and vehicles, and it is believed to have originated from imported birdseed Webb et al.

As ornamental plants, many Datura species have been intentionally introduced around the world, and continue to be grown as such, especially in Europe, North America and China. No economic purpose for the plant has been reported.

In some countries it is prohibited to buy, sell or cultivate Datura plants Henderson, Allelopathic effects of D. If ingested by humans and other animals including livestock and pets it can cause fatalities, as all parts of Datura plants are poisonous Henderson, Seven individuals were admitted to hospital in Athens with an anticholinergic syndrome after eating cooked vegetables blites, members of Chenopodiaceae , but among the vegetables there was also D.

Goetz et al. Poisoning was also reported Marciniak and Sikorski, in a family who had eaten honey from an apiary near a plantation of D. Species of Datura have been used in many parts of the world as narcotics, constituents of folk remedies and shamanistic rituals Schultes and Hofmann. There has also been considerable interest in the use of extracts of Datura species as botanical pesticides Oduor— Owino, El-Bazaoui et al.

Also, alkaloid contents for D. Datura species are annual, whereas members of the closely related genus Brugmansia are perennials. However, D. Species of both genera have a trumpet shaped flowers, but those of Brugmansia point downwards with a sweet fragrance, with Datura flowers often pointing upward with spicy or lemony fragrance. Morphological comparisons between D. Parsons and Cuthbertson distinguish D. Due to the variable regulations around de registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control.

Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Isolated plants should be hand-pulled before they set seed, whereas larger areas of infestation are controlled by cultivation when weeds are in the seedling stage.

Cultivation becomes less effective as plants mature — stems become woodier and roots may not become completely severed. Seedlings emerge over a long period of time so repeated cultivations may be necessary to reduce the level of infestation Parsons and Cuthbertson, However, tillage may promote seed survival as seeds decay more rapidly on the soil surface than when buried, and there is greater loss of seed to predators under no-till than conventional tillage systems.

Other non-selective herbicides include atrazine, diquat, paraquat and glyphosate. AGIS, Agricultural Geo-Referenced Information System. Al-Eisawi DM, Notes on the flora of Bahrain: new families, genera and species to the flora of Bahrain. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 19 1 Badea E, Raicu P, Experimental androgenesis in Datura innoxia of plants with different levels of ploidy 2n, 4n, 6n.

Synergetic action of light and temperature on seed germination of some solanaceae members. The Weed Flora of Egypt. The status of alien invasive plants in the major rivers of the Namib Naukluft Park. Madoqua, 16 1 Bye R, Sosa V, Molecular phylogeny of the jimsonweed genus Datura Solanaceae.

Systematic Botany, 38 3 Colchicum cupanii Guss. Rouy, datura innoxia Mill. Acta Botanica Croatica, 73 1 Chaudhary SA, Akram M, Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. Chaudhary SA, Revri R, Weeds of North Yemen.

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, Australia's virtual herbarium, Australia. Changes in green matter yield and alkaloid content in diploid and tetraploid forms of Datura innoxia with different sowing dates. Rasteniev"dni Nauki, 18 1 Flora of China. Tropane alkaloids of Datura innoxia from Morocco. Flora Brasil do, Flora do Brasil Flora of China Editorial Committee, Franjic J, Trinajstic I, Current state of the distribution of the species Datura inoxia Miller Solanaceae in Croatia.

Sadasnje stanje rasprostranjenosti vrste Datura inoxia Miller Solanaceae u Hrvatskoj. Fragmenta Phytomedica et Herbologica, 24 2 Studies on virus diseases of plants in Madhya Pradesh II.

A new strain of Datura virus 3. Indian Phytopathology, 11 2 pp. In some dahura of the world, it is also prohibited to buy, sell or cultivate Datura plants. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. The Datura and Brugmansia Society has superb images of this species in all its life stages on its site: This taxon has not yet been assessed. The precise management measures adopted for any plant invasion will depend upon factors such onoxia the terrain, the cost and availability of labour, the severity of the infestation and the presence of other invasive species.

It cannot grow in the shade. Datura innoxia is quite similar to D. When cultivatedthe plant is usually grown from seed, but its perennial rhizomes can be kept from freezing and planted in the spring of the following year. It is a shrubby, annual plant with showy, white flowers. Retrieved September 30, We depend on donations to help keep this site free and up to date for you.

A stupefying beverage is made from the leaves and roots[]. If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below.

Pronounced amnesia is another commonly reported effect. An image of a plant of D. Louis it is grown as an annual. In some places it is prohibited to buy, sell or cultivate Datura plants.

It can also be sprayed with a suitable herbicide. Spread by seed and vegetative cuttings.